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KI-Atlas

Bildsegmentierung

Jedem Pixel das zugehörige Objekt zuweisen

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Der vollständige Artikel liegt auf Englisch vor; Titel und Zusammenfassung sind lokalisiert.

WAS DIESE FÄHIGKEIT BEDEUTET

Takes an image and outputs a mask the size of the input, labelling each pixel with its class or its instance. It is finer than detection because it gives outlines rather than boxes. Semantic segmentation only distinguishes classes (all of them are people), while instance segmentation also separates individuals (A and B are different people); the two are often lumped together as segmentation.

Wie sie technisch umgesetzt wird

The classic design is an encoder–decoder: the encoder downsamples to extract semantics, the decoder upsamples to restore resolution, and skip connections carry high-resolution detail from shallow layers, with U-Net and fully convolutional networks as landmarks. Instance segmentation often detects first and predicts a mask inside each box (the Mask R-CNN line), or uses a promptable segment-anything model cued by clicks or boxes to isolate arbitrary objects.

Repräsentative Produkte

4

Beteiligte Organisationen

Typische Verwendungen

  • Organ and lesion delineation in medical imaging
  • Land-cover classification in remote sensing
  • Drivable area and obstacles for driving
  • Selection masks for image editing

Wie sie bewertet wird

IoU / mIoU
Intersection over union of masks, averaged over classes
Dice coefficient
Common in medical imaging, more sensitive than IoU for small targets
Boundary F-score
Judges only contour fit rather than large correct interiors

Grenzen und schwierige Punkte

  • Thin structures and boundaries — hair, wires, vessel tips — break or lose their thinness
  • Adjacent or overlapping instances of the same class merge into one blob
  • Masks are inaccurate on transparent, reflective or low-contrast materials

Konzepte dahinter